"phrenologist" meaning in All languages combined

See phrenologist on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

Forms: phrenologists [plural]
Etymology: Etymology tree English phrenology Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist English phrenologist From phrenology + -ist. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|phrenology|-ist|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree English phrenology Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íd͏̌d͏̌ō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Hellenic *-tās Ancient Greek -τής (-tḗs) Ancient Greek -ῐστής (-ĭstḗs)bor. Latin -istader. Old French -istebor. Middle English -ist English -ist English phrenologist [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "agent nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-id-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-idyéti", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-íďďō", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐ́ζω", "lang" : "grc" }, { "id" : "agent nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "agent nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "redlink", "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-tās", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-τής", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐστής", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ista", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-iste", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-ist", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ist", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "phrenologist", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="phrenologist"> From phrenology + -ist. Head templates: {{en-noun}} phrenologist (plural phrenologists)
  1. An adherent or practitioner of phrenology. Synonyms: cranioscopist Translations (adherent or practitioner of phrenology): frenòleg [masculine] (Catalan), frenòloga [feminine] (Catalan), frenoloog [masculine] (Dutch), phrénologiste [feminine, masculine] (French), phrénologue [feminine, masculine] (French), Phrenologe [masculine] (German), Phrenologin [feminine] (German), frenológus (Hungarian), frenologo [masculine] (Italian), frenologa [feminine] (Italian), 骨相学者 (kossō gakusha) (alt: こっそうがくしゃ) (Japanese), frenologista [feminine, masculine] (Portuguese), frenólogo [masculine] (Spanish), frenóloga [feminine] (Spanish), frenolog [common-gender] (Swedish), frenologan [feminine, masculine] (Volapük), hifrenologan [masculine] (Volapük), jifrenologan [feminine, masculine] (Volapük)

Inflected forms

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        "Terms with Hungarian translations",
        "Terms with Italian translations",
        "Terms with Japanese translations",
        "Terms with Portuguese translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations",
        "Terms with Swedish translations",
        "Terms with Volapük translations",
        "en:Pseudoscience"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter IX, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 112:",
          "text": "The phrenologist, who regulates heart and mind by undulations of the skull, has another system.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              225,
              238
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2020 October 5, Paul Turnbull, “Thinking About Craniometry- The Racial Turn”, in Paul Turnbull:",
          "text": "One significance weakness of phrenology in the eyes of most anatomists, as Anne Harrington has shown, was that the brain comprised two structurally identical cerebral hemispheres, separated by a longitudinal fissure, whereas phrenologists held that the material sub-stratum of various mental faculties was located in only one hemisphere, and not its twin.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2023 November 17, Kendra Cherry, “How a Phrenology Head Was Traditionally Used”, in Verywell Mind, archived from the original on 09 Feb 2025:",
          "text": "During a skull reading, a phrenologist would measure and carefully feel a person’s head.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An adherent or practitioner of phrenology."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "adherent",
          "adherent"
        ],
        [
          "practitioner",
          "practitioner"
        ],
        [
          "phrenology",
          "phrenology"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "cranioscopist"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frenòleg"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "lang_code": "ca",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "frenòloga"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frenoloog"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "phrénologiste"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "phrénologue"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Phrenologe"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Phrenologin"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "word": "frenológus"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frenologo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "frenologa"
    },
    {
      "alt": "こっそうがくしゃ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "roman": "kossō gakusha",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "word": "骨相学者"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frenologista"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frenólogo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "frenóloga"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "lang_code": "sv",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "frenolog"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "lang_code": "vo",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "frenologan"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "lang_code": "vo",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hifrenologan"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "lang_code": "vo",
      "sense": "adherent or practitioner of phrenology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "jifrenologan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "phrenologist"
}

Download raw JSONL data for phrenologist meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.